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Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "hypothermia" – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Deutsch-Übersetzungen. poig.eu | Übersetzungen für 'hypothermia' im Englisch-Deutsch-Wörterbuch, mit echten Sprachaufnahmen, Illustrationen, Beugungsformen. Übersetzung Englisch-Deutsch für hypothermia im PONS Online-Wörterbuch nachschlagen! Gratis Vokabeltrainer, Verbtabellen, Aussprachefunktion. Die Hypothermie (von altgriechisch ὑπό hypó, ‚unter', und θερμός thermós, ‚warm') oder er Jahren ansatzweise geschehen) eine beabsichtigte tiefe Hypothermie (deep hypothermia, auch Hypothermischer Herzstillstand) eingeleitet. Übersetzung für 'hypothermia' im kostenlosen Englisch-Deutsch Wörterbuch von LANGENSCHEIDT – mit Beispielen, Synonymen und Aussprache. Übersetzung im Kontext von „hypothermia“ in Englisch-Deutsch von Reverso Context: And your mother died in childbirth from hypothermia. Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für 'hypothermia' in LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten ✓ Aussprache.
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The Superhuman World of Wim Hof: The IcemanAlcohol consumption increases the risk of hypothermia in two ways: vasodilation and temperature controlling systems in the brain.
Rising fuel bills have increased the numbers who have difficulty paying for adequate heating in the UK. Some pensioners and disabled people are at risk because they do not work and cannot easily leave their homes.
Hypothermia continues to be a major limitation to swimming or diving in cold water. Other factors predisposing to immersion hypothermia include dehydration , inadequate rewarming between repetitive dives , starting a dive while wearing cold, wet dry suit undergarments, sweating with work, inadequate thermal insulation for example, thin dry suit undergarment , and poor physical conditioning.
Heat is lost much more quickly in water [39] than in air. Thus, water temperatures that would be quite reasonable as outdoor air temperatures can lead to hypothermia in survivors, although this is not usually the direct clinical cause of death for those who are not rescued.
The actual cause of death in cold water is usually the bodily reactions to heat loss and to freezing water, rather than hypothermia loss of core temperature itself.
Heat production may be increased two- to four-fold through muscle contractions i. The rate of heat loss is determined, as with any object, by convection , conduction , and radiation.
Many changes to physiology occur as body temperatures decrease. These occur in the cardiovascular system leading to the Osborn J wave and other dysrhythmias, decreased central nervous system electrical activity, cold diuresis , and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Research has shown that glomerular filtration rates GFR decrease as a result of hypothermia. Accurate determination of core temperature often requires a special low temperature thermometer, as most clinical thermometers do not measure accurately below Esophageal measurements are the most accurate and are recommended once a person is intubated.
As a hypothermic person's heart rate may be very slow, prolonged feeling for a pulse could be required before detecting.
In , the American Heart Association recommended at least 30—45 seconds to verify the absence of a pulse before initiating CPR.
Appropriate clothing helps to prevent hypothermia. Synthetic and wool fabrics are superior to cotton as they provide better insulation when wet and dry.
Some synthetic fabrics, such as polypropylene and polyester, are used in clothing designed to wick perspiration away from the body, such as liner socks and moisture-wicking undergarments.
Clothing should be loose fitting, as tight clothing reduces the circulation of warm blood. Those who drink alcohol before or during outdoor activity should ensure at least one sober person is present responsible for safety.
Covering the head is effective, but no more effective than covering any other part of the body. While common folklore says that people lose most of their heat through their heads, heat loss from the head is no more significant than that from other uncovered parts of the body.
Several studies have shown that for uncovered infants, lined hats significantly reduce heat loss and thermal stress.
However children are often more active than adults, and may generate more heat. In both adults and children, overexertion causes sweating and thus increases heat loss.
Building a shelter can aid survival where there is danger of death from exposure. Shelters can be of many different types, metal can conduct heat away from the occupants and is sometimes best avoided.
The shelter should not be too big so body warmth stays near the occupants. Good ventilation is essential especially if a fire will be lit in the shelter.
Fires should be put out before the occupants sleep to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. People caught in very cold, snowy conditions can build an igloo or snow cave to shelter.
Aggressiveness of treatment is matched to the degree of hypothermia. Rapid rewarming is then commenced.
Moving the person as little and as gently as possible is recommended as aggressive handling may increase risks of a dysrhythmia.
Hypoglycemia is a frequent complication and needs to be tested for and treated. Intravenous thiamine and glucose is often recommended, as many causes of hypothermia are complicated by Wernicke's encephalopathy.
The UK National Health Service advises against putting a person in a hot bath, massaging their arms and legs, using a heating pad, or giving them alcohol.
These measures can cause a rapid fall in blood pressure and potential cardiac arrest. Rewarming can be done with a number of methods including passive external rewarming, active external rewarming, and active internal rewarming.
Active external rewarming involves applying warming devices externally, such as a heating blanket. Chest irrigation is recommended if bypass or ECMO is not possible.
Rewarming shock or rewarming collapse is a sudden drop in blood pressure in combination with a low cardiac output which may occur during active treatment of a severely hypothermic person.
For people who are alert and able to swallow, drinking warm sweetened liquids can help raise the temperature. In those without signs of life, cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR should be continued during active rewarming.
Those who are stiff with pupils that do not move may survive if treated aggressively. While survival is possible, mortality from severe or profound hypothermia remains high despite optimal treatment.
In those who have hypothermia due to another underlying health problem, when death occurs it is frequently from that underlying health problem.
Between and in the United States, an average of cold-related emergency department visits occurred per year and in the years to , an average of people died per year due to hypothermia.
Hypothermia has played a major role in the success or failure of many military campaigns, from Hannibal 's loss of nearly half his men in the Second Punic War B.
Men wandered around confused by hypothermia, some lost consciousness and died, others shivered, later developed torpor , and tended to sleep.
Others too weak to walk fell on their knees; some stayed that way for some time resisting death. The pulse of some was weak and hard to detect; others groaned; yet others had eyes open and wild with quiet delirium.
Antarctic explorers developed hypothermia; Ernest Shackleton and his team measured body temperatures "below One of Scott's team, Atkinson, became confused through hypothermia.
Nazi human experimentation during World War II amounting to medical torture included hypothermia experiments , which killed many victims.
There were to experiments and to subjects, indicating some had more than one experiment performed on them. Various methods of rewarming were attempted, "One assistant later testified that some victims were thrown into boiling water for rewarming".
Various degrees of hypothermia may be deliberately induced in medicine for purposes of treatment of brain injury, or lowering metabolism so that total brain ischemia can be tolerated for a short time.
Many animals other than humans often induce hypothermia during hibernation or torpor. Water bears Tardigrade , microscopic multicellular organisms, can survive freezing at low temperatures by replacing most of their internal water with the sugar trehalose , preventing the crystallization that otherwise damages cell membranes.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Freezing to death. A human body core temperature below Mild : Shivering , mental confusion [2] Moderate : No shivering, increased confusion [2] Severe : Paradoxical undressing , cardiac arrest [2].
Mild : Warm drinks, warm clothing, physical activity [2] Moderate : Heating blankets, warmed intravenous fluid [2] Severe : Cardiopulmonary resuscitation , extracorporeal membrane oxygenation , cardiopulmonary bypass [2].
Main article: Targeted temperature management. Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice 7th edition.
The New England Journal of Medicine. Wayne Simon and Schuster. Primer on the autonomic nervous system 3rd ed. Archived from the original on The 5-Minute Sports Medicine Consult 2 ed.
Swedish Radio. Jan 17, Archived from the original on 7 March Retrieved 2 March Neurologic Clinics.
Critical Care Medicine. Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice. Retrieved Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Crit Care Clin. Am Fam Physician. Current Problems in Surgery. New Scientist. Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology.
Shkrum Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. Int J Legal Med. International Journal of Legal Medicine. MMWR Morb. Walls, Ron M. Philadelphia, PA. McGraw-Hill Education.
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 20th ed. Aviat Space Environ Med. United States Power Squadrons. January 23, Archived from the original on December 8, Mario Vittone.
Archived from the original on 14 January Retrieved 24 January June Elsevier Health Sciences.
Body temperature is maintained within the range It is lowest in the early morning and highest in the afternoon. Neurobiology of Hyperthermia 1st ed.
Retrieved 19 November Despite the myriad of complications associated with heat illness, an elevation of core temperature above Am J Emerg Med.
Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Archived from the original on 14 March Retrieved 21 March The Guardian.
Archived from the original on September 5, Retrieved June 23, Royal Coll Paediatrics. British Medical Journal. International Journal of Nursing Studies.
United States Coast Guard. McGraw-Hill Professional. Wilderness medicine 5th ed. Louis, Mo. Chapter 5. Newer aspects on the pathophysiology of rewarming shock".
Int J Circumpolar Health. Wilderness medicine 6th ed. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Journal of the American Medical Association.
J Trauma. Archived from the original on 29 November Retrieved 22 November Most patients tolerate 30 min of DHCA without significant neurological dysfunction, but when this is extended to longer than 40 min, there is a marked increase in the incidence of brain injury.
Above 60 min, the majority of patients will suffer irreversible brain injury, although there are still a small number of patients who can tolerate this.
Marx J ICD - 10 : T68 , T Consequences of external causes. Hyperthermia Heat syncope. Hypothermia Immersion foot syndromes Trench foot Tropical immersion foot Warm water immersion foot Chilblains Frostbite Aerosol burn Cold intolerance Acrocyanosis Erythrocyanosis crurum.
Radiation poisoning Radiation burn Chronic radiation keratosis Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy Radiation acne Radiation-induced cancer Radiation recall reaction Radiation-induced erythema multiforme Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar Radiation-induced keloid Radiation-induced morphea.
Direct positive effects may include a reduction in conditions caused by the cold, such. Debido a que uno tiene menos aislamiento natural, en.
Why have we had so many twists and turns by the Bush administration, redefining torture so that it does not cover waterboarding, prolonged shackling or ind uc e d hypothermia?
No other sign s o f hypothermia w e re observed during any [ There is widespread clinical evidence of the benefits of patient warming.
Hypothermia c a n occur in bed, so wear [ L a hipotermia pue de ocu rrir e n la cama, [ Hypothermia , d ef ined as below-normal [ E sta se defi ne como una temperatura [ Has ayudado a mejorar la calidad de nuestro servicio.
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Neurologic Clinics. History of underwater diving. Verify isoelectric brain here to stopping circulation. Bastille Day fluctuaciones intensas y cortas de la temperatura pueden. Chapter 5. Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Other cold-related injuries that can be present either alone or in combination with hypothermia include:.Hypothermia Deutsch - Beispiele aus dem Internet (nicht von der PONS Redaktion geprüft)
Dieser Artikel behandelt ein Gesundheitsthema. Schneeblindheit, Erfrierungen und Unterkühlung. Unterkühlung werden unterschieden: [3].Hypothermia Deutsch "hypothermia" Deutsch Übersetzung
Schwedisch Wörterbücher. Wenn Sie die Vokabeln in den Vokabeltrainer übernehmen möchten, klicken Sie in der Vokabelliste einfach auf "Vokabeln übertragen". This treatment is imperative to sustain the chain of rescue. Ungarisch Wörterbücher. Minor cuts and bruises, hypothermiaalcohol poisoning. Die Brandung und Gezeiten kommen Jessica Capshaw Kinder gehen, die Fans werden mehr, dank neuer Technologien lässt sich Unterkühlung vermeiden … Rosamund Pike Sex nur die Temperaturen bleiben gleich!. Those who are stiff with pupils that do not move may survive if treated aggressively. Hypothermia is the cause of at least 1, deaths a year in the United States. Absolute pressure Ambient pressure Atmospheric pressure Gauge pressure Traci Lind pressure Metre sea water Partial pressure. With this method it is divided into degrees of severity based on the core temperature. Direct positive effects may include a reduction in conditions caused by the cold, such. Classification List of diving environments by type Altitude diving Benign water diving Confined water diving Deep diving Inland diving Inshore diving Muck diving Night diving Open-water diving Black-water diving Blue-water diving Penetration Hypothermia Deutsch Cave diving Ice diving Wreck diving Danny Kaye dive sites Underwater environment. Bühlmann John R. List of diving environments by type Altitude diving Benign water diving Confined water diving Deep diving Inland diving Inshore diving Muck diving Night diving Open-water diving Black-water diving Blue-water diving Penetration diving Der Junge Muss An Die Frische Luft Film Schauspieler diving Ice diving Wreck diving Serien Stream Vikings dive sites Underwater environment.Hypothermia Deutsch Linguee Apps Video
The Superhuman World of Wim Hof: The Iceman Wilderness medicine 5th ed. Louis, Mo. Chapter 5. Newer aspects on the pathophysiology of rewarming shock". Int J Circumpolar Health. Wilderness medicine 6th ed.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Journal of the American Medical Association. J Trauma. Archived from the original on 29 November Retrieved 22 November Most patients tolerate 30 min of DHCA without significant neurological dysfunction, but when this is extended to longer than 40 min, there is a marked increase in the incidence of brain injury.
Above 60 min, the majority of patients will suffer irreversible brain injury, although there are still a small number of patients who can tolerate this.
Marx J ICD - 10 : T68 , T Consequences of external causes. Hyperthermia Heat syncope. Hypothermia Immersion foot syndromes Trench foot Tropical immersion foot Warm water immersion foot Chilblains Frostbite Aerosol burn Cold intolerance Acrocyanosis Erythrocyanosis crurum.
Radiation poisoning Radiation burn Chronic radiation keratosis Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy Radiation acne Radiation-induced cancer Radiation recall reaction Radiation-induced erythema multiforme Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar Radiation-induced keloid Radiation-induced morphea.
Physical abuse Sexual abuse Psychological abuse. Motion sickness Seasickness Airsickness Space adaptation syndrome.
Electrical injury Drowning Lightning injuries. Underwater diving. Diving modes Atmospheric pressure diving Freediving Saturation diving Scuba diving Snorkeling Surface oriented diving Surface-supplied diving Unmanned diving.
Diving equipment. Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment Human factors in diving equipment design. Diving mask Snorkel Swimfin.
Atmospheric diving suit Diving cylinder Burst disc Diving cylinder valve Diving helmet Reclaim helmet Diving regulator Mechanism of diving regulators Regulator malfunction Regulator freeze Single-hose regulator Twin-hose regulator Full face diving mask.
Diving support equipment. Air filtration Activated carbon Hopcalite Molecular sieve Silica gel Booster pump Carbon dioxide scrubber Cascade filling system Diver's pump Diving air compressor Diving air filter Water separator High pressure breathing air compressor Low pressure breathing air compressor Gas blending Gas blending for scuba diving Gas panel Gas reclaim system Gas storage bank Gas storage quad Gas storage tube Helium analyzer Nitrox production Membrane gas separation Pressure swing adsorption Oxygen analyser Oxygen compatibility.
Diving spread Air spread Saturation spread Hot water system Sonar Underwater acoustic positioning system Underwater acoustic communication. Professional diving.
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Abrasive waterjet Airlift Baited remote underwater video In-water surface cleaning Brush cart Cavitation cleaning Pressure washing Pigging Lifting bag Remotely operated underwater vehicle Thermal lance Tremie Water jetting.
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Diversnight Underwater Bike Race. Blue-water diving Black-water diving. Diving safety. Human factors in diving equipment design Human factors in diving safety Life-support system Safety-critical system Scuba diving fatalities.
List of diving hazards and precautions Environmental Current Delta-P Entanglement hazard Overhead Silt out Wave action Equipment Freeflow Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus Single point of failure Physiological Cold shock response Decompression Nitrogen narcosis Oxygen toxicity Seasickness Uncontrolled decompression Diver behaviour and competence Lack of competence Overconfidence effect Panic Task loading Trait anxiety Willful violation.
Bellman Chamber operator Diver medical technician Diver's attendant Diving supervisor Diving systems technician Gas man Life support technician Stand-by diver.
Breathing gas quality Testing and inspection of diving cylinders Hydrostatic test Sustained load cracking Diving regulator Breathing performance of regulators.
Approaches to safety Job safety analysis Risk assessment Toolbox talk Housekeeping Association of Diving Contractors International Code of practice Contingency plan Diving regulations Emergency procedure Emergency response plan Evacuation plan Hazardous Materials Identification System Hierarchy of hazard controls Administrative controls Engineering controls Hazard elimination Hazard substitution Personal protective equipment International Marine Contractors Association Occupational hazard Biological hazard Chemical hazard Physical hazard Psychosocial hazard Occupational hygiene Exposure assessment Occupational exposure limit Workplace health surveillance Safety culture Code of practice Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Health and safety representative Operations manual Safety meeting Standard operating procedure.
Diving medicine. List of signs and symptoms of diving disorders Cramp Motion sickness Surfer's ear. Freediving blackout Hyperoxia Hypoxia Oxygen toxicity.
Avascular necrosis Decompression sickness Isobaric counterdiffusion Taravana Dysbaric osteonecrosis High-pressure nervous syndrome Hydrogen narcosis Nitrogen narcosis.
Hypercapnia Hypocapnia. Carbon monoxide poisoning. Asphyxia Drowning Hypothermia Immersion diuresis Instinctive drowning response Laryngospasm Salt water aspiration syndrome Swimming-induced pulmonary edema.
Demand valve oxygen therapy First aid Hyperbaric medicine Hyperbaric treatment schedules In-water recompression Oxygen therapy Therapeutic recompression.
Atrial septal defect Effects of drugs on fitness to dive Fitness to dive Psychological fitness to dive. Arthur J. Bachrach Albert R.
Behnke Paul Bert George F. Bond Robert Boyle Albert A. Bühlmann John R. Charles Wesley Shilling Edward D. Thalmann Jacques Triger.
History of underwater diving. History of decompression research and development History of scuba diving List of researchers in underwater diving Timeline of diving technology Underwater diving in popular culture.
The Diver Jason deCaires Taylor. Raid on Alexandria Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior. Alpazat cave rescue Tham Luang cave rescue. Guiel Jr. Craig M. Stover Richard A.
List of Divers Alert Network publications. Competence and assessment Competency-based learning Refresher training Skill assessment Diver training standard Diving instructor Diving school Occupational diver training Commercial diver training Military diver training Public safety diver training Scientific diver training Recreational diver training Introductory diving Teaching method Muscle memory Overlearning Stress exposure training.
Dive leader Divemaster Diving instructor Master Instructor. Rescue Diver Solo diver. Divers Academy International Norwegian diver school.
Underwater sports. Aquathlon Apnoea finswimming Freediving Underwater ice hockey. Immersion finswimming Sport diving Underwater cycling Underwater orienteering Underwater photography.
Underwater photography. Underwater divers. Meide David Moore Mark M. Peterson Richard Pyle William R. Skiles E.
Lamar Worzel. Andrew Abercromby Joseph M. Acaba Clayton Anderson Richard R. Behnken Randolph Bresnik Timothy J. Broderick Justin Brown Berry L.
Garan Jr. Michael L. Gernhardt Christopher E. Wiseman Kimiya Yui. Michael C. Lionel Crabb. Keith Jessop.
Science of underwater diving. There is no evidence th a t hypothermia i s b eneficial in the [ No hay pru eb as de qu e l a hipotermia s ea ben efici os a para [ La temperatura del cuerpo puede ser anormal debido a la fiebre.
Seniors are also less able to a regulate their body temperature, putting them. Mode ra t e hypothermia t h er apy may be used on [ La ter apia d e hipotermia m od erad a se p uede emplear [ Exposure to extreme cold implies a number of hazards to workers' health,.
Hypothermia i s d efined as a drop in [ Hypothermia i s d eadly because it causes [ L a hipotermia e s m ort al po rq ue causa [ At that point, a relatively minor accident could become.
Hypothermia i s a more serious medical [ Las fluctuaciones intensas y cortas de la temperatura pueden. A person with se ve r e hypothermia m a y be unconscious [ U na pers ona co n hipotermia s eve ra puede e star inconsciente [ Direct positive effects may include a reduction in conditions caused by the cold, such.
Debido a que uno tiene menos aislamiento natural, en. A physiologist named Frank Gollan worked in the s using hypothermia and an oxygenator of his own invention, and presented his work in Gollan made an important step in that his bubble oxygenator included a heat exchange device, whereby he could induce hypothermia as well as carry out rewarming.
British Journal of Anaesthesia. Niazi and Lewis have cooled dogs and monkeys to these temperatures and successfully resuscitated them.
It is evident that a number of homeothermic animals, including man, can tolerate cooling to body temperatures near freezing-temperatures attained regularly by true hibernators.
Unlike the hibernators, however, the warm-blooded animals are brought through the lower temperature ranges in a state of cardiac standstill which may usually last up to two and one half hours, though as long as four hours has been tolerated in the rat one hour in the patient reported here.
Neurosurgical Focus. Although reports of the use of CPB-induced hypothermia and DHCA to facilitate aortic arch surgery appeared in the s, it was Griepp, in , who demonstrated that the technique offered a practical and safe approach for aortic arch surgery.
Archived from the original PDF on 23 April Effects of cooling on electroencephalogram and evoked potentials". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.
Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. These data suggest that ECS is a safe and reliable guide for determining the appropriate level of hypothermia during cardiovascular procedures.
Verify isoelectric brain prior to stopping circulation. Profound hypothermia in man: report of a case. Ann Surg ; This low temperature was reached, as planned, during cardiac standstill which lasted for one hour, yet the immediate recovery was complete.
December Critical Care Medicine. BMC Anesthesiology. Kaiser Permanente. Retrieved 18 April During craniotomy and dural opening, platelet-rich plasma and red blood cells can be harvested for postbypass reinfusion to aid in the return of normal coagulation status.
Euvolemia is maintained by replacing the amount of blood withdrawn with an equal volume of albumin. During hypothermia, the combination of increased plasma viscosity, erythrocyte rigidity, and progressive vasoconstriction leads to impairment of the microcirculation.
Retrieved 16 April To prevent myocardial ischemic injury, persistent ventricular fibrillation should be terminated by the administration of potassium chloride KCl , 20 to 60 mEq.
If present, ventricular fibrillation may be electrically cardioverted. During the period just before CPB, thiopental or propofol is titrated in small 50— mg doses to achieve burst-suppression pattern on the raw EEG signal.
A continuous infusion is established to maintain the EEG pattern during normothermia. Once cooling begins, the infusion is left constant at the normothermic rate.
Alpha-stat PaCO2 management is used. During circulatory arrest, the drug infusion used for EEG burst-suppression is interrupted and then restarted at the same rate during rewarming.
Similarly, cerebral hyperthermia should be avoided as this may exacerbate neurological injury and increase the risk of adverse neurological outcomes.
In those without signs of life, cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR should be continued during active rewarming. Those who are stiff with pupils that do not move may survive if treated aggressively.
While survival is possible, mortality from severe or profound hypothermia remains high despite optimal treatment. In those who have hypothermia due to another underlying health problem, when death occurs it is frequently from that underlying health problem.
Between and in the United States, an average of cold-related emergency department visits occurred per year and in the years to , an average of people died per year due to hypothermia.
Hypothermia has played a major role in the success or failure of many military campaigns, from Hannibal 's loss of nearly half his men in the Second Punic War B.
Men wandered around confused by hypothermia, some lost consciousness and died, others shivered, later developed torpor , and tended to sleep.
Others too weak to walk fell on their knees; some stayed that way for some time resisting death.
The pulse of some was weak and hard to detect; others groaned; yet others had eyes open and wild with quiet delirium.
Antarctic explorers developed hypothermia; Ernest Shackleton and his team measured body temperatures "below One of Scott's team, Atkinson, became confused through hypothermia.
Nazi human experimentation during World War II amounting to medical torture included hypothermia experiments , which killed many victims.
There were to experiments and to subjects, indicating some had more than one experiment performed on them. Various methods of rewarming were attempted, "One assistant later testified that some victims were thrown into boiling water for rewarming".
Various degrees of hypothermia may be deliberately induced in medicine for purposes of treatment of brain injury, or lowering metabolism so that total brain ischemia can be tolerated for a short time.
Many animals other than humans often induce hypothermia during hibernation or torpor. Water bears Tardigrade , microscopic multicellular organisms, can survive freezing at low temperatures by replacing most of their internal water with the sugar trehalose , preventing the crystallization that otherwise damages cell membranes.
A human body core temperature below Mild : Shivering , mental confusion [2] Moderate : No shivering, increased confusion [2] Severe : Paradoxical undressing , cardiac arrest [2].
Mild : Warm drinks, warm clothing, physical activity [2] Moderate : Heating blankets, warmed intravenous fluid [2] Severe : Cardiopulmonary resuscitation , extracorporeal membrane oxygenation , cardiopulmonary bypass [2].
Main article: Targeted temperature management. Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice 7th edition. The New England Journal of Medicine.
Primer on the autonomic nervous system 3rd ed. Swedish Radio. Critical Care Medicine. Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice.
Retrieved Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Crit Care Clin. Am Fam Physician. Current Problems in Surgery.
New Scientist. Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology. Int J Legal Med.
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